Alzheimer’s is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that destroys brain cells, causing a gradual decline in memory, speech, thinking and behaviour.
It is the most common cause of Dementia and usually affects people over the age of 65. While, there is no cure for Alzheimer’s, certain medications can help manage symptoms temporarily. Read on to learn more about the connection between oral health and Alzheimer’s.
Understanding the connection between oral health and Alzheimer’s
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia, constituting over 50% of dementia cases in adults 65 years and older.
Emerging evidence suggests a strong link between poor oral health and an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia, particularly in older adults. Poor oral hygiene—such as inadequate toothbrushing or flossing—can lead to issues like tooth decay, periodontitis, and gingivitis. These conditions are not only harmful to oral health but also associated with cognitive decline.
Studies have found that older adults with cognitive impairment or AD often experience poorer oral hygiene, more dental caries, mucosal infections, reduced salivary flow, and fewer teeth compared to those without dementia. Additionally, tooth loss, painful gums, chronic periodontitis, and denture use are all linked to a higher risk of developing AD.
The connection may involve changes in the oral microbiota and heightened inflammation, a key factor in both oral diseases and AD. A recent study published in Science Advances links gingivitis, a common gum disease, to an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease. The study found that Porphyromonas gingivalis, the bacteria responsible for gingivitis, can travel from the mouth to the brain, where it releases harmful enzymes called gingipains. These enzymes can destroy nerve cells, leading to memory loss and potentially contributing to Alzheimer’s development.
Researchers examined the brains of 53 deceased individuals with Alzheimer’s and discovered high levels of gingipain, with the amount increasing over time. This suggests that gingipain may play a role in the onset of dementia symptoms. The next step in research is to investigate whether drugs can block these harmful enzymes to prevent or slow Alzheimer’s progression.
In the meantime, individuals can reduce their risk by practising strong oral hygiene, including daily flossing, brushing twice a day, and maintaining regular dental check-ups.
Increasing Your Risk of Alzheimer’s? Oral Health Factors to Watch
Certain oral health conditions and habits can increase the risk of Alzheimer’s:
- Chronic Gum Disease: Prolonged infection and inflammation in the gums can exacerbate systemic inflammation.
- Tooth Loss: Studies have shown that individuals with significant tooth loss are at higher risk of cognitive decline, possibly due to reduced oral stimulation or poor nutrition.
- Poor Oral Hygiene: Infrequent brushing and flossing allow bacteria to thrive, increasing the likelihood of gum disease.
Preventing cognitive decline with good oral health
While more research is needed, there are several proactive steps you can take to protect your brain and your smile:
- Brush and Floss Regularly: The American Dental Association recommends brushing twice a day and flossing daily to remove plaque and bacteria.
- Visit the Dentist: Regular check-ups and cleanings can prevent gum disease or detect it in its early stages.
- Eat a Balanced Diet: Foods rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals support both oral and brain health.
- Drink More Water: Drinking water helps maintain saliva production, which protects your teeth and gums from bacteria and neutralises acids.
- Quit Smoking: Smoking is a major risk factor for gum disease and cognitive decline.
- Manage Chronic Conditions: Conditions like diabetes can worsen gum disease and inflammation, so managing overall health is crucial.
Hope for the Future
As research continues, the relationship between oral health and Alzheimer’s is becoming clearer. Innovations in both dentistry and neurology could eventually lead to new strategies for preventing and treating this devastating disease. In the meantime, maintaining good oral hygiene remains a simple, effective way to support not just a healthy smile but also a healthy mind.
By prioritising oral health, we might take an important step in protecting our cognitive well-being, underscoring the profound interconnectedness of the body and mind.
Written by Leanne de Piano, Hygiene Therapist at Carew Dental
